Author: Jian Shen, Yong Zhang,* Yuqi Chen, Wenfeng Zhou, Xun Zhang, Min Sun, Xin Wang, Lei Zhang, Xingfeng Li, Jingchi Li, and Yikai Su
Abstract: Electro-optic (EO) modulators are essential components in various fields, including optical communication, free-space communication, microwave photonics, sensing, and light detection and ranging. The EO modulation enables the fast conversion of electric signals into optical signals, facilitating the precise manipulation of light. With advancements in fabrication processing techniques, next-generation integrated EO modulators have demonstrated substantial improvements in modulation efficiency, bandwidth, and footprint. Here, we overview the latest research progress in integrated EO modulation, focusing on the principle of the Pockels effect, key modulation metrics, novel EO thin-film material platforms, and innovative device architectures. Finally, we evaluate different schemes and provide perspectives on future trends in developing integrated EO modulators, highlighting both the advantages and challenges of integrated EO modulation, including waveguide and electrode engineering, integrated methods, and other applications for large-scale photonic integrated circuits.
Publishing source: APR
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